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EN
ROMANESQUE ART 1100 – 1200
The notion Romanesque is used for all genres of art in this time. The medieval Romanesque epoch begins with the early Romanesque in ca. 1000 AD, but did not end simultaneously in all European countries. So in France the Gothic era already emerged in 1140, whereas in the other European countries still reigned the Romanesque style. With the rise of the Carolingian dynasty (from 751 AD on) sovereigns were seeking for an independent architectural language for representation purposes, even in clerical buildings. Construction was done according to the Roman style. After the troubles of the migration period, Charlemagne promoted education in his territory and contributed to the cultural transformation of the entire empire.[1] The Romanesque era was the epoch of foundation of monasteries.[2] The crusades imported influences from foreign countries to Europe and influenced medieval science.[3] In the Christian sense women in the Middle Ages were inferior, immoral and libidinous. They were inferior to men in all sectors of life, it was their purpose to ensure progeny and to keep house. Women had no rights and were subject to men.[4] In the beginning of the 12th century emerged the guilds, where women step by step gained access to mainly femally connoted professions (especially in the textile sector). In the course of the Middle Ages women gained more rights, even for practising certain professions what became necessary due to the population decline caused by the pest.[5] Women occasionally worked as vendors and merchants, in the clerical context nuns worked in the scriptories in monasteries. Beguines[6] were unmarried independent women creating a community who lived without property and supported themselves.[7]
The notion Romanesque is used for all genres of art in this time. The medieval Romanesque epoch begins with the early Romanesque in ca. 1000 AD, but did not end simultaneously in all European countries. So in France the Gothic era already emerged in 1140, whereas in the other European countries still reigned the Romanesque style. With the rise of the Carolingian dynasty (from 751 AD on) sovereigns were seeking for an independent architectural language for representation purposes, even in clerical buildings. Construction was done according to the Roman style. After the troubles of the migration period, Charlemagne promoted education in his territory and contributed to the cultural transformation of the entire empire.[1] The Romanesque era was the epoch of foundation of monasteries.[2] The crusades imported influences from foreign countries to Europe and influenced medieval science.[3] In the Christian sense women in the Middle Ages were inferior, immoral and libidinous. They were inferior to men in all sectors of life, it was their purpose to ensure progeny and to keep house. Women had no rights and were subject to men.[4] In the beginning of the 12th century emerged the guilds, where women step by step gained access to mainly femally connoted professions (especially in the textile sector). In the course of the Middle Ages women gained more rights, even for practising certain professions what became necessary due to the population decline caused by the pest.[5] Women occasionally worked as vendors and merchants, in the clerical context nuns worked in the scriptories in monasteries. Beguines[6] were unmarried independent women creating a community who lived without property and supported themselves.[7]
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